한빛사논문
Abstract
Kye-Young Kim1, Mark V. Stevens1, M. Hasina Akter1, Sarah E. Rusk1, Robert J. Huang1, Alexandra Cohen1, Audrey Noguchi2, Danielle Springer2, Alexander V. Bocharov3, Tomas L. Eggerman3, Der-Fen Suen4, Richard J. Youle4, Marcelo Amar5, Alan T. Remaley5 and Michael N. Sack1
1Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI),
2Mouse Phenotyping Core, NHLBI,
3NIH Clinical Center,
4Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), and
5Cardio-Pulmonary Medicine Branch, NHLBI, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Address correspondence to: Michael N. Sack, Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, Building 10-CRC, Room 5-3150, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892-1454, USA
It has long been hypothesized that abnormalities in lipid biology contribute to degenerative brain diseases. Consistent with this, emerging epidemiologic evidence links lipid alterations with Parkinson disease (PD), and disruption of lipid metabolism has been found to predispose to α-synuclein toxicity. We therefore investigated whether Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase found to be defective in patients with early onset PD, regulates systemic lipid metabolism. We perturbed lipid levels by exposing Parkin+/+ and Parkin-/- mice to a high-fat and -cholesterol diet (HFD). Parkin-/- mice resisted weight gain, steatohepatitis, and insulin resistance. In wild-type mice, the HFD markedly increased hepatic Parkin levels in parallel with lipid transport proteins, including CD36, Sr-B1, and FABP. These lipid transport proteins were not induced in Parkin-/- mice. The role of Parkin in fat uptake was confirmed by increased oleate accumulation in hepatocytes overexpressing Parkin and decreased uptake in Parkin-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts and patient cells harboring complex heterozygous mutations in the Parkin-encoding gene PARK2. Parkin conferred this effect, in part, via ubiquitin-mediated stabilization of the lipid transporter CD36. Reconstitution of Parkin restored hepatic fat uptake and CD36 levels in Parkin-/- mice, and Parkin augmented fat accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These results demonstrate that Parkin is regulated in a lipid-dependent manner and modulates systemic fat uptake via ubiquitin ligase-dependent effects. Whether this metabolic regulation contributes to premature Parkinsonism warrants investigation.
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