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Nature, 22 July 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10739-6 Mapping drivers of life expectancy change in Asia from 1990 to 2023

GBD 2023 Asia Life Expectancy Collaborators^*

Jiseung Kang^1,2,858, Hyeon Jin Kim^3,858, Min Seo Kim^4,5,858, Jeofrey Bautista Abalos⁶, Hedayat Abbastabar^7,859, Sherief Abd-Elsalam^8,859, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader⁹, Armita Abedi¹⁰, Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama¹¹, Syed Hani Abidi¹², ......Zhiqiang Zhang⁸⁴⁷, Claire Chenwen Zhong⁸⁴⁸, Abzal Zhumagaliuly¹⁸³, Hafsa Zia⁸⁴⁹, Magdalena Zielińska⁸⁵⁰, Ghazal Zoghi⁸⁵¹, Zhiyong Zou⁸⁵², Mohammed Zuber⁸⁵³, Simon I. Hay^195,196, Jae Il Shin⁸⁵⁴, Dong Keon Yon^855*& Nicholas Steel^856,857

¹School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
²Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
³Center for Digital Health, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁴Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁵Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
⁶Demographic Research and Development Foundation Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.
......
⁸⁵⁰Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
⁸⁵¹Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. ⁸⁵²Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
⁸⁵³Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
⁸⁵⁴Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸⁵⁵Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
⁸⁵⁶Department of Primary Care and Public Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
⁸⁵⁷Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, UK Department of Health and Social Care, London, UK.
⁸⁵⁸These authors contributed equally: Jiseung Kang, Hyeon Jin Kim, Min Seo Kim.
⁸⁵⁹These authors jointly supervised this work: Jae Il Shin and Dong Keon Yon.

Corresponding author
Correspondence to Dong Keon Yon.

Abstract

Life expectancy is a key indicator of population health and an important guide for health policy1,2. Although Asia represents approximately 60% of the global population, studies of longitudinal trends in life expectancy and their underlying drivers across Asian countries remain limited, with most previous research focused on western or high-income settings3,4,5,6. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of life expectancy, cause-specific mortality and risk factors in 1990–2023 across 34 Asian countries and territories, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20231,7. Life expectancy increased in all countries and territories between 1990 and 2023, with the largest annual gains observed in South Asia and the smallest annual gains in high-income Asia Pacific countries and territories. Reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality were the primary contributors to life expectancy gains in Central Asia, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific, whereas declines in diarrhoeal diseases and tuberculosis contributed most in South and Southeast Asia. In 2019–2023, life expectancy declined in several Asian regions, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a nearly two-year loss in the first year of the pandemic. The causes of changes in life expectancy and the contributing risk factors varied across regions and countries/territories. Therefore, under the principles of proportional universalism, proactive and effective policies at both regional and national levels are essential to reduce premature mortality and reduce life expectancy inequalities across Asia.

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