Our study addresses the growing problem of diarrheal infections caused by multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli, particularly enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). We introduce a dual-action therapeutic strategy combining bacteriophage therapy with bentonite, a natural clay mineral. While the phage EC.W2-6 efficiently eliminates bacterial populations, phage therapy in the gastrointestinal tract faces challenges such as acidic inactivation and the inflammatory release of toxins—specifically lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)—during bacterial lysis.
Biomater. Res.2026-01-06