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Front. Endocrinol., 2022 Oct 24:13:999455 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.999455 Obesity and periodontitis: A systematic review and updated meta-analysis

Chang Min Kim ^{1 †}, Soobin Lee ^{1 †}, Wonjun Hwang ^{1 †}, Eunjeong Son ², Tae Woo Kim ³, Kihun Kim 4 *, Yun Hak Kim ^{5 6 *}

¹School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
²Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
³Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea.
⁴Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, South Korea.
⁵Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.
⁶Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea.

^†These authors contributed equally

^*Corresponding authors: correspondence to Kihun Kim or Yun Hak Kim

Abstract

Background: A previous 2014 meta-analysis reported a positive association between obesity and periodontitis. It was considered necessary to update the recently published papers and to analyse subgroups on important clinical variables that could affect the association between obesity and periodontitis. Therefore, we updated the latest studies and attempted to derive more refined results.

Methods: All observational studies were eligible for inclusion. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively evaluate the risk of bias. Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients aged 18–34, 35–54, and 55+ years and the countries (European countries, USA, Brazil, Japan, Korea, and other Asian countries).

Results: Thirty-seven full-text articles were included. Obesity conferred increased odds of periodontal disease with an odds ratio (1.35, 95% CI: 1.05–1.75). In the subgroup analysis by age, the odds ratio was the highest in the 18–34 years group (2.21, 95% CI: 1.26–3.89). In the subgroup analysis by country, European countries had the highest odds ratio (2.46, 95% CI: 1.11–5.46).

Conclusion: Despite the differences in degree, a positive association between obesity and periodontitis was found regardless of country or age. Therefore, medical professionals should try to prevent periodontitis by controlling patient weights, and more studies should be conducted to determine the association between obesity and oral health.

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