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Environ Res, Nov 01 2023, 236 (Pt 2) S0013-9351(23)01404-4 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116600 Review of cadmium toxicity effects on fish: Oxidative stress and immune responses

Ju-Wook Lee ^a, A-Hyun Jo ^b, Deok-Chan Lee ^c, Cheol Young Choi ^d, Ju-Chan Kang ^e, Jun-Hwan Kim ^f

^aWest Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Incheon, South Korea
^bDepartment of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, South Korea
^cShellfish Research Team, South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyoung 53085, South Korea
^dDivision of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea
^eDepartment of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
^fDepartment of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea

Corresponding authors: Deok-Chan Lee, Cheol Young Choi, Ju-Chan Kang, Jun-Hwan Kim

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) in aquatic environments can cause environmental toxicity to fish and induce oxidative stress owing to an excessive production of reactive oxygen species in fish bodies. Fish have developed various antioxidant systems to protect themselves from reactive oxygen species; thus, a change in antioxidant responses in fish can be a criterion for evaluating oxidative stress resulting from Cd exposure. Because Cd exposure may be recognized as an exogenous substance by a fish body, it may lead to the stimulation or suppression of its immune system. Various immune responses can be assessed to evaluate Cd toxicity in fish. This review aimed to identify the impacts of Cd exposure on oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in fish as well as identify accurate indicators of Cd toxicity in aquatic ecosystems.

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