1. Can you please briefly summarize the paper? 

Our study focuses on evaluating the neurotoxic effects of 2-ethylhexanol, a chemical widely used in industrial applications, including plastic production, solvents, and fragrances. Despite its widespread presence in the environment, its potential impact on neurodevelopment has not been fully explored. Given the rising prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and growing concerns about environmental pollutants contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders, we sought to investigate the possible connection between 2-ethylhexanol exposure and autism-like outcomes using zebrafish as a model organism.

We utilized a multimodal strategy encompassing behavioral assessments, gene expression analysis, neurotransmitter measurement, and neurogenesis evaluations. The study's key findings indicated that exposure to 2-ethylhexanol resulted in considerable neurobehavioral and developmental impairments in zebrafish. Early motor abnormalities, including increased tail coiling and decreased touch-evoked responses, advanced to locomotor activity and deficiencies in social interaction. Imbalances in neurotransmitters were apparent, characterized by diminished levels of acetylcholinesterase and dopamine. Gene expression analysis revealed dysregulation of autism-related genes, such as adsl, eif4a1, and tsc1b, alongside modifications in neurodevelopmental and neurotransmitter signaling networks. Imaging of transgenic zebrafish demonstrated reduced widths of the brain and spinal cord, demyelination, and compromised neural development. These findings strongly suggest that 2-ethylhexanol exposure may induce autism-like neurobehavioral changes and neurodevelopmental impairments by disrupting neurotransmitter systems, neurogenesis, and gene regulation. This is the first study to comprehensively assess the neurotoxic and ASD-like effects of 2-ethylhexanol in a zebrafish model. Our findings highlights the necessity for deeper research on the neurodevelopmental hazards posed by environmental toxins, as well as the development of prevention and mitigation strategies to safeguard human health.

2. Can you please tell us the main difficulties you had in the laboratory work and how you overcame them?

 Like any research project, this study presented challenges related to maintaining experimental consistency and generating reliable data. Research with model animals like zebrafish necessitates careful consideration of environmental variables and procedure specifics to guarantee reliable outcomes. By means of meticulous planning, continuous protocol optimization, and collaborative effort within the research team, we effectively surmounted these obstacles. Maintaining open communication and leveraging diverse expertise within the lab allowed us to troubleshoot issues efficiently and achieve robust results. The experience reinforced the importance of adaptability and persistence in conducting high-quality research.

3. Please introduce your laboratory, university or organization to bio-researchers in Korea.

 Our research was conducted at the Center for Predictive Model Research at the Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT). KIT is a leading national research institute specializing in advanced toxicological studies to ensure the safety of chemicals, drugs, and environmental substances. Our institute is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and cutting-edge technologies for toxicology, including predictive models and in vivo and in vitro assays.

The Center for Predictive Model Research, where this study was carried out, focuses on developing and applying innovative toxicological models to predict chemical-induced health hazards. Our lab uses a wide range of model organisms, including zebrafish and Daphnia magna, to explore neurotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and other adverse biological effects. We employ high-throughput screening methods, neurobehavioral assays, molecular analyses, and imaging technologies to understand the impact of various toxicants.

Our team is deeply committed to advancing research that addresses environmental health concerns and contributes to safer chemical use by developing predictive toxicology approaches that align with global standards.

4. Please tell us your experiences and your thoughts related to research activities abroad.

 Moving to Korea was both an exciting and challenging experience. The research culture was quite different from what I was used to, with a strong emphasis on cutting-edge technology and interdisciplinary collaboration. The language barrier was initially a significant hurdle; my initial attempts to communicate were often met with polite smiles but frustration, but I overcame it by immersing myself in the local culture and making efforts to learn Korean.

One of the most transformative aspects of my experience was working in state-of-the-art laboratories with advanced equipment that allowed for highly detailed and precise experiments. The mentorship I received was invaluable, as I had the opportunity to work closely with experts who pushed me to think critically and approach problems innovatively. A big thank you to my professor-boss, Professor Woo-Keun Kim, and co-first author Dr Sangwoo Lee.

Studying abroad also taught me resilience and adaptability. Being part of an international research community opened doors to collaborations with global scientists and exposed me to diverse perspectives on scientific challenges. I believe this blend of experiences has significantly shaped my approach to research and problem-solving.

5. Can you provide some advice for younger scientists who have plans to study abroad?

 I encourage younger scientists to be open-minded and adaptable. Research environments abroad often have unique approaches to problem-solving, which can be valuable for broadening your scientific perspective. Building strong communication skills is essential for successful collaboration in international teams. Immerse yourself in the local culture, try new foods and new ways of doing things. Finally, networking with mentors and peers can open doors to invaluable research opportunities.

6. Future plan?

 Moving forward, I intend to broaden my research into neurodevelopmental toxicology by investigating other environmental contaminants and their possible effects on neuronal function and behavior. Beyond zebrafish models, I plan to use advanced molecular, cellular, and in silico approaches to better understand the underlying causes of neurotoxicity.

Furthermore, I am enthusiastic about contributing to collaborative, interdisciplinary research projects that link toxicology, neurology, and public health. Finally, I hope to contribute to the development of science-based policies to reduce the health hazards posed by environmental pollutants while also increasing fundamental knowledge in neurotoxicology.

7. Do you have anything else that you would like to tell Korean scientists and students?

 I would like to encourage Korean scientists and students to remain curious and open to interdisciplinary research, as some of the most impactful discoveries happen at the intersection of different fields. The research landscape in Korea is dynamic and rich with opportunities to address pressing global challenges in health, environmental safety, and technological innovation.

I also believe that fostering international collaboration is crucial for scientific progress. Sharing diverse perspectives can enhance research quality and lead to novel solutions. For students, I encourage active networking, participation in conferences, and seeking mentorship from both local and international experts. Lastly, never underestimate the power of persistence and adaptability in research?these are often the keys to success.

Members of Biosystem Research Group at the Center for Predictive Model Research, KIT