1. Can you please briefly summarize the paper? 

This study presents the development and application of biocompatible gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) as an innovative solution to enhance the delivery and effectiveness of agrochemicals in agriculture, aiming for more sustainable farming practices. The GNPs, which are approximately 150 nm in size with a positively charged surface (~30 mV), were specifically engineered to overcome the limitations associated with conventional pesticide applications, such as rapid degradation and environmental contamination. The research involved a comprehensive evaluation of these nanoparticles in various agricultural settings. The GNPs were shown to significantly improve the retention and activity of pesticides on plant surfaces, leading to enhanced insecticidal and herbicidal effects compared to traditional methods. This improvement was particularly evident in their ability to maintain pesticide efficacy even after exposure to washing, a common issue in field applications. Furthermore, the study explored the role of GNPs as nano-fertilizers, where they not only facilitated nutrient absorption but also promoted root and leaf growth in both model plants, Arabidopsis thaliana, and crops like Camelina sativa. Notably, these effects were achieved without inducing cytotoxicity, emphasizing the safety and potential of GNPs for broad agricultural use. The results from this study underscore the versatility of GNPs in serving dual functions?enhancing the delivery and effectiveness of pesticides while simultaneously promoting plant growth. This dual functionality positions GNPs as a promising tool for advancing sustainable agriculture, offering a pathway to reduce chemical input while improving crop yield and health.

2. Can you please tell us the main difficulties you had in the laboratory work and how you overcame them?

The main challenges in this research involved optimizing the synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) to ensure consistent size and stability, which are crucial for effective agrochemical delivery. Initially, we faced issues with variability in particle size and surface charge, impacting the nanoparticles' performance. By fine-tuning the synthesis process, including adjustments to temperature and pH, we achieved the desired uniformity. Additionally, integrating GNPs with agrochemicals was difficult, as early formulations led to aggregation and reduced effectiveness; this was resolved through experimentation with surface modifications and loading techniques. Controlled field trials were also essential to validate our lab results in real-world agricultural settings. Throughout the process, the support and insights from my colleagues and professor provided invaluable technical guidance and motivation, enabling us to successfully overcome these challenges and achieve our research goals.

3. Please introduce your laboratory, university or organization to bio-researchers in Korea.

Our research was conducted at the Nanoengineered Biomaterial Systems Laboratory in the Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea. The Laboratory, led by Professor Jangho Kim, is dedicated to pioneering research at the intersection of biomaterials, nanotechnology, and agriculture, with a particular focus on developing innovative solutions for sustainable farming practices?(https://rain2000.wixsite.com/janghokim). Our work encompasses the design and synthesis of biocompatible nanoparticles and their application in agricultural settings to enhance agrochemical delivery and promote plant growth. This multidisciplinary approach, integrating biosystems engineering, materials science, and agricultural biotechnology, enables us to tackle complex challenges in modern agriculture. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Jangho Kim for his unwavering guidance, which not only provided solutions to research challenges but also helped me overcome my limitations and grow as a researcher. His passionate mentorship has been instrumental in my development and in the opportunities I’ve experienced. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Sunho Park of Pusan National University for her invaluable contributions as the first co-author, whose assistance and insights were crucial to the success of this research. Additionally, I am deeply grateful to the members of the Nanoengineered Biomaterial Systems Laboratory (Woochan Kim, Sejeong Oh, Harshita Sharma, Dream Kim, Shinyull Lee, and Chaeyeon Park) whose support and encouragement were crucial to the success of this research. Lastly, I would like to thank BRIC for the opportunity to share our research and express my appreciation to everyone who has taken the time to read this.

4. Please tell us your experiences and your thoughts related to research activities abroad.

As a PhD student from Pakistan conducting research in South Korea, my experience has been profoundly enriching and professionally rewarding. The opportunity to work at Chonnam National University has provided me with access to innovative technology and exposure to the rigorous scientific methodologies that are a hallmark of research in Korea. This environment has significantly refined my approach to scientific inquiry, fostering a deep appreciation for precision and innovation. The collaborative and diverse academic atmosphere in Korea has also been instrumental in broadening my professional network and enhancing my understanding of global scientific challenges. Engaging with colleagues from various cultural and academic backgrounds has offered new perspectives and inspired a more comprehensive research approach. Moreover, navigating the challenges of adapting to a new country, both culturally and academically, has fostered a great deal of personal and professional growth. Learning to operate in a different academic system, while also embracing a new culture, has enhanced my adaptability and resilience, essential qualities for a researcher. This experience has underscored the importance of international collaboration and the critical role that diverse perspectives play in advancing scientific knowledge.

5. Can you provide some advice for younger scientists who have plans to study abroad?

For younger scientists planning to study abroad, I would encourage you to approach the experience with humility and a willingness to learn from every situation. Studying in a different country offers a unique opportunity to broaden your horizons, both academically and personally. Be open to new ideas and different ways of thinking, as these will enrich your research and help you grow as a scientist. It’s normal to face challenges, whether they’re related to cultural differences or academic pressures, but remember that these challenges are valuable learning experiences. Building relationships with your peers and mentors can provide you with support and guidance, so don’t hesitate to reach out and connect with others. Most importantly, stay patient and flexible research is often unpredictable, and your journey may take unexpected turns, but these can lead to meaningful discoveries and growth. Embrace the experience with gratitude and keep in mind that studying abroad is as much about personal development as it is about scientific achievement.

6. Future plan?

As I look to the future, my goal is to continue contributing to the field of nanotechnology with a focus on sustainable agricultural practices. Building on my current research with gelatin nanoparticles, I hope to explore new applications that can enhance agricultural efficiency while being mindful of environmental sustainability.?In the short term, I plan to share my findings through publications and presentations, seeking feedback and collaboration from the broader scientific community. My long-term aspiration is to work closely with researchers and practitioners, particularly in developing regions, to apply these technologies in ways that address local challenges in food security and agriculture. Moreover, I am committed to mentoring and supporting young scientists, especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, to pursue research that can positively impact their communities. I approach these goals with a sense of humility, knowing that meaningful progress often comes through collaboration and a willingness to learn from others.

7. Do you have anything else that you would like to tell Korean scientists and students?

To Korean scientists and students, I would like to express my deep admiration for the dedication and innovation that I have witnessed during my time here in South Korea. The commitment to advancing science and technology is truly inspiring. My advice is to continue embracing curiosity and collaboration, both of which are vital to scientific progress. Science is a global endeavor, and by working together across disciplines and borders, we can achieve breakthroughs that benefit everyone. I encourage you to remain open to new ideas and perspectives, as they often lead to the most significant discoveries. Lastly, never underestimate the impact of perseverance; research can be challenging, but it is through persistence and a passion for learning that we make meaningful contributions. I am grateful for the opportunity to learn and work alongside such talented individuals, and I look forward to seeing the continued contributions of Korean scientists to the global scientific community.