1. Can you please briefly summarize the paper?

In this study, we innovatively applied the retrograde nuclear Connect-seq (nuConnect-seq) technique to analyze hypothalamic neurocircuits at the molecular level. The core achievement of our research lies in integrating diverse single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets and employing label transfer techniques for validation. We generated a detailed snRNA-seq dataset of 1,533 cells from the hypothalamus of CRH-IRES-Cre (CRH-Cre) mice. This dataset was validated against an extensive reference dataset comprising 152,524 quality-controlled cells from the postnatal mouse hypothalamus. The integration of these datasets was instrumental in identifying a more refined diversity of hypothalamic cell types, demonstrating the power of comprehensive transcriptomic data in neurocircuitry analysis. In addition to these scientific findings, it's important to highlight that single-cell methodologies offer a remarkable opportunity to delve into cellular heterogeneity and reveal intricate details of cellular function and organization.

2. Can you please tell us the main difficulties you had in the laboratory work and how you overcame them?

In our research, a primary challenge was integrating various large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from independent studies, with the core objective being to identify cellular similarities across these datasets. This task was complex due to batch effects arising from different methodologies and conditions in the dataset generation, potentially affecting data interpretation. Addressing these batch effects was crucial and involved sophisticated computational techniques for batch correction and normalization.

To manage the substantial computational demands of this integration, we leveraged high-performance computing using multi-core systems. This approach helped us efficiently handle the large datasets, reducing processing time and memory constraints. A critical part of our strategy was a thorough understanding of the data's nature and structure, guiding our selection of appropriate bioinformatics tools. This deep understanding, combined with our commitment to staying abreast of the latest developments in the field, was instrumental in successfully identifying cellular similarities across the datasets. Our efforts in navigating these challenges were pivotal in achieving the core aim of our research - to elucidate cellular similarities and advance our knowledge of hypothalamic neurocircuits.

3. Please introduce your laboratory, university or organization to bio-researchers in Korea.

I am a PhD student at the Ajou Precision Medicine Laboratory (APML: https://sites.google.com/view/subinlab/home, which is part of Ajou University, School of Medicine in South Korea. Under the leadership of Assistant Professor Su Bin Lim, our lab focuses on harnessing the power of big data in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. Recognizing the paradigm shift in data quantity, quality, and diversity, our lab's mission is to rapidly extract clinically meaningful information from extensive datasets. This is crucial in today's data-rich environment, where the ability to interpret vast amounts of information quickly and effectively has become increasingly important.

At the core of our research is the development of an omics-based platform for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction, aiming to implement patient-tailored precision medicine. Our team is interdisciplinary, combining diverse expertise to pioneer innovative approaches in medical treatment. We are committed to exploring and identifying new therapeutic targets, particularly for cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, by leveraging expanding genomic databases. Our work stands at the forefront of integrating advanced genomic research with clinical applications, reflecting a dedication to advancing precision medicine tailored to individual patient characteristics.

4. Please tell us your experiences and your thoughts related to research activities abroad.

Embarking on a research journey as a foreign student has been an enriching and enlightening experience for me. Being part of a team and good institution that invests considerable effort in research has provided me with a sense of being surrounded by emerging scientists, which is both inspiring and motivating. The advancement in technologies and scientific research here offers a tremendous opportunity for learning, allowing me to delve deep into cutting-edge methodologies and concepts.

This academic environment has been instrumental in enhancing my spirit for knowledge advancement. It's not just about acquiring academic skills; it's about understanding the international research environment, which is crucial for addressing future challenges in biological studies. Moreover, the cultural aspects of this journey are equally fascinating. The unique blend of a rigorous academic setting with a rich cultural backdrop contributes significantly to my overall experience, making it not only academically fulfilling but also personally rewarding. This experience is shaping me into a well-rounded researcher, equipped to compete and contribute effectively in the global scientific community.

5. Can you provide some advice for younger scientists who have plans to study abroad?

As someone who has embarked on the journey of research and study abroad, I understand the challenges and rewards that come with this path. For younger scientists planning to study abroad, my advice is rooted in both experience and reflection.

Firstly, recognize that the journey will not be easy. Research, by its nature, is about venturing into the unknown and often out of your comfort zone. This process is fundamental to scientific discovery and personal growth. Embrace the challenges as they come; each one is an opportunity to learn and evolve, both as a scientist and as an individual. Hard work and dedication are essential. Make yourself proud by committing wholeheartedly to your research and to contributing positively to science and humanity. Your efforts, no matter how small they may seem, are valuable contributions to the broader scientific community.

Equally important is to enjoy your journey, irrespective of immediate rewards. The path of research is often long and arduous, but it is also filled with moments of wonder, discovery, and intellectual fulfillment. Remember that rewards come not just in the form of accolades or recognition, but also as personal satisfaction and the sense of accomplishment that comes from knowing you have pushed the boundaries of knowledge. Lastly, immerse yourself in the experience beyond the lab or classroom. Studying abroad is not just about academic growth but also about cultural and personal development. Take the time to explore, to learn from different perspectives, and to engage with the community around you. These experiences will enrich your journey and provide a well-rounded perspective that is invaluable in today's interconnected world.

In summary, approach your research journey abroad with diligence, passion, and an open mind. Embrace the challenges, work hard, and don't forget to enjoy the process. Your journey is not just about the destination but about the growth and experiences you gain along the way.

6. Future plan?

Looking ahead, my future plans are centered around advancing my research with a renewed sense of confidence and collaboration within my team. I aim to apply novel approaches to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying various diseases and the development of neurons. This endeavor will largely involve delving deeper into single-cell RNA sequencing in neurons, a technique that holds immense potential for groundbreaking discoveries.

By focusing on single-cell RNA sequencing, I aspire to explore and understand the complexities of neuronal behavior at a level of detail that has not been possible before. This approach will allow us to dissect the heterogeneity of neurons and uncover how individual cells contribute to the overall function and pathology of the nervous system. My hope is that through this detailed and focused research, we can contribute novel insights to the scientific community, potentially leading to innovative treatments or therapeutic strategies.

I am particularly excited about the potential of this research to uncover new aspects of neuronal development and disease. The opportunity to contribute something truly novel to science is both exhilarating and motivating. I am committed to not just advancing my own knowledge and skills, but also to contributing meaningfully to the broader field of neuroscience and precision medicine.

7. Do you have anything else that you would like to tell Korean scientists and students?

To the Korean scientific community and students, I would like to share a few thoughts that I hold close to my heart. First and foremost, I want to acknowledge the tremendous work being done by Korean scientists in serving humanity through cutting-edge research and innovation. However, it is crucial to remember that our responsibilities extend beyond conducting research. As a community, we should actively work towards creating and nurturing learning paths for upcoming students and young researchers. It is through this nurturing that we can ensure the continued growth and evolution of our scientific endeavors. To the students, my advice is to embrace flexibility and a willingness to learn new things. The landscape of science is constantly changing, and staying adaptable and open to new ideas is key to thriving in such an environment. Understanding the importance of collaboration is also critical. Science is inherently interdisciplinary, and breakthroughs often happen at the intersection of different fields. Therefore, do not hesitate to seek help and guidance from pioneers in your field. There is no shame in asking for assistance; rather, it’s a sign of a curious and engaged scientist