1. Can you please briefly summarize the paper? 

An ROS and NIR-responsive tubular conductive thermo-hydrogel actuator (THA) was fabricated for biomimicking intestinal peristalsis motion. The actuating system was fabricated by incorporating ROS responsive diselenide polymer dots (PD) loaded to polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles (PD@PDA) in a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and polyvinyl alcohol (PNIPAM/PVA) matrix. In the presence of elevated ROS, PDA is released which provides selective photothermal heat generation owing to a change in the structure of polymer dots. Additionally, the presence of LCST behavior of PNIPAM in combination with selective NIR-responsiveness helps to demonstrate differential actuation behavior under conditions of oxidative stress imbalance. Experiments demonstrating movement of viscous silicon oil via colon-mimicked peristalsis motion showed the selective actuation behavior of the THA. Finally, the ROS and NIR responsive actuator scavenged elevated levels of oxidative stress in presence of colon cancer cells (Caco-2) which shows promise for fabricating a selective actuation platform for liquid and solid transport with screening capabilities.

2. Can you please tell us the main difficulties you had in the laboratory work and how you overcame them?

The primary difficulty of this work involved introducing flexibility and stretchable properties to the PNIPAM matrix. The brittle behavior of PNIPAM caused various problems when analyzing the ROS and NIR-based actuation of viscous fluid. It is for this reason that PVA was introduced to the matrix and after trying many different ratios, we finally achieved the necessary physical properties for transporting viscous fluid through the actuator.

3. Please introduce your laboratory, university or organization to bio-researchers in Korea.

Our research lab which is named the Functional Biomaterials Lab (FBL) at the Korea National University of Transportation (KNUT) is supervised by Professor Sung Young Park. Our research group focuses on working with endo- and exogenous stimuli responsive nanoparticles and combining them with various matrices to obtain theragnostic hybrid hydrogels for the monitoring and theragnosis of various diseases such as cancer, OA and kidney fibrosis. These platforms are incorporated with nano-systems (such as polymer dots) which provide our system with conductivity and fluorescence alongside tunable physico-chemical properties aiding in the theragnosis procedure.

4. Please tell us your experiences and your thoughts related to research activities abroad.

Becoming a researcher at a foreign institution in Korea has provided me with valuable experiences that have helped me to broaden my horizons with respect to both research and lifestyle. The environment that I have been a part of actively pushes me to think outside the box. Additionally, both in my area of work and my lab, I am blessed to have been surrounded by extremely helpful people who have not only introduced me to the various intricate details and nuances about a new culture but have also taught me about resilience and work ethic. Additionally, attending national and international conferences and symposiums has helped me connect with individuals from various fields, exchanging ideas, knowledge, and multi-cultural experiences. Working with diverse individuals and exchanging viewpoints has been extremely beneficial to my growth during my research career.

5. Can you provide some advice for younger scientists who have plans to study abroad?

Don't give up without trying: that is what I would like to say to all the young scientists who are planning to study abroad. No matter what obstacles you may encounter, stay focused on your objective. Additionally, be flexible, go above and beyond to accomplish your objectives, and be willing to take a chance. Such an attitude, in my opinion, will enable you to endure and accomplish your goals and persevere while studying or working overseas.

6. Future plan?

It is my dream to secure a permanent position as a professor in a reputable institution either abroad or in my own country. I also want to establish my research lab and, in the future, keep contributing to the field of Biomaterials by mentoring young researchers and continuing my current work.

7. Do you have anything else that you would like to tell Korean scientists and students?

To all the Korean scientists and students: firstly, to those who have already been a part of our research community, I would like to thank you for your contributions to our field. To those who are just starting out, I would say advise you to stay resilient in the face of challenges, practice patience as you will need it, and never give up on your dreams. Also, collaborating and interacting with others from diverse origins and cultures will not only extend your viewpoint and stimulate a range of ideas, but it will also promote personal development by exposing you to a range of worldviews.