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Abstract
Kook-Han Kim1, Dong-Kyun Ko2, Yong-Tae Kim1, Nam Hyeong Kim1, Jaydeep Paul3, Shao-Qing Zhang4,5, Christopher B. Murray6, Rudresh Acharya3,*, William F. DeGrado4,*, Yong Ho Kim1,7,* & Gevorg Grigoryan8,*
1 SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea. 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA. 3 School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India. 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA. 5 Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. 6 Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. 7 Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea. 8 Department of Computer Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA.
*Correspondence to : Rudresh Acharya or William F. DeGrado or Yong Ho Kim or Gevorg Grigoryan
Abstract
Learning to engineer self-assembly would enable the precise organization of molecules by design to create matter with tailored properties. Here we demonstrate that proteins can direct the self-assembly of buckminsterfullerene (C60) into ordered superstructures. A previously engineered tetrameric helical bundle binds C60 in solution, rendering it water soluble. Two tetramers associate with one C60, promoting further organization revealed in a 1.67-A crystal structure. Fullerene groups occupy periodic lattice sites, sandwiched between two Tyr residues from adjacent tetramers. Strikingly, the assembly exhibits high charge conductance, whereas both the protein-alone crystal and amorphous C60 are electrically insulating. The affinity of C60 for its crystal-binding site is estimated to be in the nanomolar range, with lattices of known protein crystals geometrically compatible with incorporating the motif. Taken together, these findings suggest a new means of organizing fullerene molecules into a rich variety of lattices to generate new properties by design.
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